Thermodynamics All subtopics
A gas is held in a sealed container at constant temperature. Which of the following best describes the origin of the pressure the gas exerts on the container walls?
Two gas atoms of equal mass collide head-on. Atom 1 has speed 600 m/s to the right and Atom 2 has speed 600 m/s to the left. What is the total momentum of the two-atom system after the collision?
A gas exerts a combined perpendicular force of 720 N on a rectangular section of its container wall measuring 0.040 m by 0.060 m. Calculate the pressure on that section of wall.
A sealed, rigid container of gas is heated so that its absolute temperature triples. Which statement correctly describes the change in the average translational kinetic energy and the rms speed of the gas atoms?
Calculate the average translational kinetic energy of a gas atom at 450 K. ($k_{\mathrm{B}}$ = 1.38 × 10⁻²³ J/K)
Neon gas (m = 3.35 × 10⁻²⁶ kg per atom) is at 280 K. Determine the rms speed of the neon atoms. ($k_{\mathrm{B}}$ = 1.38 × 10⁻²³ J/K)
An engineer measures the gas pressure on a circular porthole of radius 8.0 cm to be 1.5 × 10⁵ Pa. Calculate the total perpendicular force on the porthole.
A gas is compressed to half its original volume while its temperature is held constant. Which microscopic change is primarily responsible for the increase in pressure?
A deep-sea research vessel has an external hatch with an area of 0.50 m². The water pressure at depth is 4.0 × 10⁶ Pa and the internal air pressure is 1.0 × 10⁵ Pa. Calculate the net inward force on the hatch.
At 300 K, gas A (atomic mass m) and gas B (atomic mass 9m) are in separate containers. What is the ratio $v_{\mathrm{rms}}$,A / $v_{\mathrm{rms}}$,B?
A scientist places a pressure sensor at the exact center of a sealed, uniform-temperature gas container and another sensor on the inner surface of a wall. Predict how the two pressure readings compare.
Argon gas is at 600 K and has atomic mass 6.63 × 10⁻²⁶ kg. Calculate the rms speed of argon atoms and determine the average translational kinetic energy per atom. ($k_{\mathrm{B}}$ = 1.38 × 10⁻²³ J/K)
A balloon filled with helium (atomic mass 4 u) and a balloon filled with xenon (atomic mass 131 u) are both at room temperature. A student claims that because both gases are at the same temperature, their atoms must have the same rms speed. Evaluate this claim.
A Maxwell–Boltzmann speed distribution curve is plotted for oxygen gas at temperature T₁. The temperature is then increased to T₂ = 3T₁. Which description correctly characterizes the change in the distribution?
At a high-altitude research station, atmospheric pressure is only 5.4 × 10⁴ Pa. A scientist’s eardrum has an area of 5.5 × 10⁻⁵ m². If the air inside the ear is at standard atmospheric pressure (1.01 × 10⁵ Pa), calculate the net outward force on the eardrum.
An atom of mass 5.0 × 10⁻²⁶ kg approaches a rigid container wall at 400 m/s perpendicular to the wall and bounces back at 400 m/s. What is the magnitude of the impulse delivered to the wall by this single collision?
Container X holds neon gas at 200 K. Container Y holds neon gas at 800 K. By what factor is the rms speed in Container Y greater than in Container X?
A gas of atom mass 2.0 × 10⁻²⁶ kg has an average translational kinetic energy per atom of 8.28 × 10⁻²¹ J. Determine the temperature of the gas and the rms speed of its atoms. ($k_{\mathrm{B}}$ = 1.38 × 10⁻²³ J/K)
Which of the following is not one of the four assumptions of the classical ideal gas model?
A sealed, rigid flask contains an ideal gas at a pressure of 3.0 × 10⁵ Pa and a temperature of 600 K. The gas is cooled until its temperature reaches 200 K. Calculate the new pressure.