State what is meant by a 'group' in the Periodic Table?
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a vertical column of elements with similar chemical properties
The Periodic Table
Explain why sodium is placed in Period 3, Group 1 of the Periodic Table?
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sodium has 3 occupied electron shells, so it is in Period 3; sodium has 1 electron in its outermost shell, so it is in Group 1
Deduce the electronic configuration of an element in Period 3, Group 5 of the Periodic Table?
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2,8,5
An element has the electronic configuration 2,8,4. Identify its group and period number?
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Period 3 because it has 3 occupied electron shells; Group 4 because it has 4 electrons in its outermost shell
Explain why potassium is placed in Period 4 of the Periodic Table?
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potassium has 4 occupied electron shells
Describe how you could use electrical conductivity to classify an unknown element as a metal or a non-metal?
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connect the element in a circuit with a power supply and an ammeter/bulb; if it conducts electricity well it is a metal, if it does not conduct it is a non-metal
An element forms an oxide that reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce a salt and water. State whether the element is a metal or a non-metal, and explain your answer?
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the element is a metal; because metal oxides are basic and react with acids to form a salt and water
Identify whether the element in Period 2, Group 6 is a metal or a non-metal?
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non-metal (it is oxygen, positioned on the right-hand side of the Periodic Table)
State the general position of metals in the Periodic Table?
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metals are found on the left-hand side and centre of the Periodic Table
An element has the electronic configuration 2,8,2. State the group and period of this element?
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Group 2; Period 3
Explain how the electronic configuration of phosphorus (2,8,5) relates to its position in the Periodic Table?
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phosphorus has 3 occupied electron shells, so it is in Period 3; it has 5 electrons in its outermost shell, so it is in Group 5
Explain why lithium and potassium have similar chemical properties?
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lithium and potassium are both in Group 1; they both have 1 electron in their outermost shell, so they react in similar ways
Predict, with a reason, whether rubidium (Group 1) reacts with water?
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yes, rubidium reacts with water; because it is in Group 1 and has 1 outer electron, like lithium and sodium which also react with water
Explain why argon does not readily react?
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argon has a full outer electron shell (2,8,8); therefore it has no tendency to gain, lose, or share electrons
State why noble gases are described as monatomic?
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noble gases exist as single/individual atoms because they do not need to form bonds to achieve a stable electronic configuration
Helium has only 2 electrons, yet it is very unreactive. Explain why?
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helium's first (and only) electron shell holds a maximum of 2 electrons; therefore helium already has a full outer shell and has no tendency to gain, lose, or share electrons