Atherosclerosis And Cardiovascular Disease
State the correct sequence of events in the development of atherosclerosis.
Where in the artery does an atherosclerotic plaque form?
During the blood clotting cascade, what is the role of thrombin?
A 58-year-old man collapses with chest pain. Investigation shows a clot has formed on a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery. Which term best describes this event?
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Explain the specific mechanism by which carbon monoxide from cigarette smoke increases CVD risk.
How do dietary antioxidants such as vitamin C reduce the risk of atherosclerosis?
In a DCPIP titration, sample X required 1.5 cm³ to decolourise the dye, while sample Y required 4.5 cm³. What does this indicate?
Why does DCPIP turn from blue to colourless in the presence of vitamin C?
A student boils orange juice for 5 minutes before titrating it against DCPIP. Compared to fresh juice, the boiled sample requires a much larger volume to decolourise the dye. Which explanation is correct?
Why is oestrogen considered protective against CVD in premenopausal women?
Which statement best describes the role of calcium ions in blood clotting?
A clot forms in a deep vein in the leg, breaks free, and lodges in a pulmonary artery. What is the most accurate term for the lodged clot?
Why is atherosclerosis described as a self-reinforcing process?
A student conducting the DCPIP titration finds her replicate values vary by ±0.8 cm³. Which improvement would most reduce this variation?
Epidemiological studies show that diets rich in fruit and vegetables are linked to lower CVD risk, but trials of isolated antioxidant supplements have produced mixed results. Which conclusion is best supported?