Osmosis And Membrane Transport

Define osmosis according to the syllabus.

A solution X has a water potential of −250 kPa and solution Y has a water potential of −600 kPa. The two solutions are separated by a partially permeable membrane. What occurs?

Which molecule is most likely to cross a phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion?

A student is comparing the rate of facilitated diffusion of glucose into a red blood cell at increasing external glucose concentrations. The rate increases initially but then plateaus. What is the best explanation for the plateau?

Which statement correctly describes the role of ATP in active transport?

The sodium-potassium pump in a nerve cell hydrolyses one ATP molecule per cycle. Which best describes the net ion movement per cycle?

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by surrounding it with its membrane and forming a vesicle. Which process is this, and why does it require ATP?

Which statement correctly distinguishes channel proteins from carrier proteins?

An animal cell is placed in distilled water and bursts shortly afterwards. A plant cell placed in the same solution swells but does not burst. Which statement best explains the difference?

A pancreatic cell releases insulin into the bloodstream. Vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus fuse with the cell surface membrane to release the hormone. Which transport mechanism is described, and is ATP required?

Pure water is added to one side of a U-tube separated by a partially permeable membrane. On the other side is a sucrose solution. After equilibrium is reached, which statement is correct?

Root hair cells absorb mineral ions from the soil even when the soil concentration of these ions is lower than inside the cell. Which combination correctly identifies the process and the protein type involved?

Which factor would NOT increase the rate of simple diffusion of oxygen across a membrane?

A scientist treats nerve cells with a chemical that completely inhibits ATP synthesis. Which transport processes would stop almost immediately?

Voltage-gated sodium channels in neurones open in response to a change in membrane potential, allowing Na⁺ to flow into the cell. Which statement correctly classifies this transport?